While Canadian soldiers fought an anti-fascist war overseas, at home the state targeted the left for repression far more than the Canadian fascist movement. During the Second World War, four-fifths of those prosecuted for subversive literature in Canada were communists, the majority of banned groups were communist organizations, and most of the people arrested for violating the Defence of Canada Regulations were leftists, not fascists. Many of those interned were Ukrainian or otherwise Slavic in origin, and many were Jewish. The Canadian state also confiscated property belonging to working-class Ukrainian organizations and gave it to Ukrainian groups with right-wing or even pro-fascist sympathies.
Today, leftists and progressives in Canada continue to endure overtly political policing, such as when they organize against Canadian complicity in Israel’s genocide of Palestinians. In November 2024, a militarized unit from the Vancouver Police Department (VPD) raided the home of Palestine solidarity activist Charlotte Kates. In a massive show of force, VPD officers arrived in an armoured police carrier, fired flashbang grenades, broke down her door, and reportedly seized her computers and phones. The previous month, Ottawa had declared Samidoun Palestinian Prisoner Solidarity Network, of which Kates is international coordinator, a “terrorist entity.”
As the Canadian left continues to mobilize, we should understand ourselves as part of a century-old tradition in Canada, a tradition that has always opposed genocide, fascism, and the capitalist system – and has always faced police repression and accusations of “un-Canadian” behaviour for doing so.
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As Israel commits a genocide against Palestinians, the Canadian state is using its repressive powers to brutalize and criminalize those who oppose this indiscriminate slaughter. In May 2024, the VPD violently dispersed a rail blockade. That same month, police in riot gear used tear gas and batons to repress a street protest in Montreal. Meanwhile a secretive team in the Toronto Police Service’s Hate Crimes Unit, known as Project Resolute, has specifically targeted Palestine solidarity activists, recalling the Red Squads of early 20th-century Canada. Under Project Resolute, officers have executed nighttime raids and ransacked activists’ homes.
Many Canadians have been fired or denied work for their opposition to Canadian state policy. Meanwhile Thomas Carrique, Ontario Provincial Police commissioner, directly blamed immigration for the spike in protest activity. “Through immigration,” he said, “thousands of people, who may have had an orientation towards violence as a means of expression or activism, continue to arrive in Canada every year.”
The overtly political slant of 1940s policing remains to this day. A particularly illustrative example is the so-called “Freedom Convoy.” Organized by right-wingers in January 2022, the Convoy and its associated protests caused billions of dollars in economic losses, but police did not intervene for three weeks. By contrast, police waited just 16 hours before attacking the student encampment for Palestine at the University of Calgary, one day before clearing the York University encampment, and a few days before destroying the University of Alberta encampment, even though campuses are generally isolated from the city centre and important urban infrastructure.
Some noteworthy excerpts:
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