Then, since it sounds to be clear and recent, perhaps you could explore citizenship by descent in an EU country where you have a legitimate claim.

You might do better looking for an actual ancestor born or naturalized in Canada.

You may be surprised.

Concerns about equity for adopted persons were raised by senators when the bill was being studied in committee. They let C-3 go through due to the need to address Bjorkquist but asked the Minister to come back with further amendments in future.

There is a different form and process for adopted persons adopted outside of Canada. Current processing time is about two years.

It involves two steps:

1. Confirmation of parent’s Canadian citizenship, which when completed provides a digital identifier to be used in step two
2. Applicant provides the documentation of the adoption and original birth certificate.

The text on the linked IRCC page reads:

If you choose to apply for citizenship, there are 2 parts to the process:

Part 1: We check if the parent can pass on Canadian citizenship to their adopted child.

Part 2: We check if the adopted child can become a Canadian citizen. See:

https://www.canada.ca/en/immigration-refugees-citizenship/services/canadians/adopt-child-abroad/processes/choose-process/citizenship.html

Understand. Many of us are considering our dual citizenship options while they are available.

I can appreciate your concern.

Good luck. That should be fairly straightforward as you are only second generation descent.

No.

The 1095 day presence is a requirement should you wish to pass Canadian citizenship to a child born or adopted after December 15, 2025z

Long form birth certificates that name parents and marriage certificates to show name changes would cover it.

Baptismal certificates can be used when there’s no civil registration of births. Civil registration began very late in several provinces of Canada. There’s more likely to be an Anglican or Roman Catholic baptismal record regardless of being Indigenous.

You may be able to find ship manifests and landing records in Family Search or Ancestry. Those list nationality — you would be looking for her to be a British subject domiciled in Canada at the time she landed in Australia.

Your great grandmother’s death certificate may have information that could be useful, as they usually state the place of birth. Newspaper death notices and obituaries can also be helpful as supporting information.

Lastly Canadian and US census records can be used as supporting information.

There is no generational limit. However, a direct line of descent has to be documented back to an ancestor born or naturalized within the borders of what is now Canada.

Acadians in Louisiana have been successful in making claims back to the Le Grand Derangement / Expulsion by the British. They had meticulous records however.

It’s a concern the way the CPC MPs confabulated citizenship by descent with immigration during the committee hearings on the Bill.

The Government responded to the 2023 Bjorkquist court decision that found the first generation limit unconstitutional as a violation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

C-3 establishes a requirement going forward: to pass down citizenship to persons born after December 15, 2015 a parent born outside Canada must have had a cumulative 1095 day presence in Canada before the child’s birth.

The C-3 changes were in response to the 2023 Bjorkquist court decision that struck down the first-generation limit on citizenship by descent. The Government had to bring in legislative amendments or the Court would have just struck the limit down as a Charter violation.

It was Conservative Party of Canada Harper Government that enacted the limit in reaction to air lifts of Canadians in Lebanon, calling them ‘Canadians of convenience.’

The CPC tried to amend the Bill C-3 to require a 1095 day presence in a 5 year period in order to past citizenship down to future generations, basically making it like the requirement for naturalization. Instead the law has a lifetime 1095 day presence to pass down citizenship to children born after December 15, 2025.

Having your grandmother’s birth is a great start.

You need to prove a direct line of descent by birth* back to your grandmother — assuming she’s the last generation born or naturalized in Canada.

So, her birth certificate would establish that she was Canadian if it’s from a Canadian province or territory. However, you will also need to demonstrate :

• that one of your parents was her child with their long form birth certificate with her name listed as their mother — if your grandmother’s family name changed in marriage, you’ll need a marriage certificate or other proof to show she was the same person;

• likewise, you’ll need to demonstrate that parent your parent’s child through your long form birth record and possibly your parents’ marriage certificate if claiming through your mother.

*Adoption unfotunately continues to not have quite the same process:

If you were adopted, and you are claiming citizenship through your adoptive grandmother, this is possible but it’s a two step process where your adoptive parent would need a Confirmation of citizenship first and then you could apply for a grant of citizenship.

If the parent you are claiming citizenship through was adopted by your grandmother, as the Act is now, they would not be able to pass down citizenship to you. They could get a grant of citizenship for themselves but it would only come into effect the day the grant is made and couldn’t only pass it down to their children born after the date of granting.

The headline and post summary are somewhat misleading in their incompleteness.

From the article:

The federal public service’s largest union has filed official complaints asking the government to “cease the unilateral implementation” of its early retirement incentive program until its parameters are negotiated with the union…

By offering separation packages to public servants to reduce its workforce, the employer is “bargaining directly with PSAC members on terms and conditions of employment,” the union says.

The Electrical and Plumbing Store in Ottawa is a longstanding independent business, and have a good reputation in Eastern Ontario.

They sell online now too. Many of their products are US brands though.

https://www.epstore.com/

Wondering if there’s a minimum wait before retesting and that would put them beyond the time limit.

Or perhaps she’s previously tested failed the test and this was her best result.

Sea lioning

Looks like you’re using a “just asking questions” approach to try to stir up frictions.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/sealioning-internet-trolling

I’m also thinking about the massive CRA data breach for electronic filers - it’s not a decade since that happened.

That’s an annualized rate that assumes that the rest of the year with see a contraction and ignores the growth in Q1.

UBC has a program at the undergraduate level.

https://environmental.engineering.ubc.ca/